Retraction and Correction Policy

Retraction and Correction Policy

The journal may issue corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions when necessary to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

Retraction may be considered when there is clear evidence of unreliable findings, plagiarism, unethical research, duplicate publication, or serious editorial error.

Correction may be issued when an article contains errors that do not invalidate the overall findings but require clarification for readers.